Benzo Addiction & Rehab in New Jersey

Benzodiazepines (often called “benzos”) are among the most commonly prescribed medications for conditions like anxiety, insomnia and seizures. While these drugs can be life-changing when used correctly under medical supervision, they also carry significant addiction risks. Misuse or prolonged use of benzodiazepines can lead to physical dependence, psychological addiction and severe withdrawal symptoms. This article explains what benzodiazepines are, how they work, how addiction is diagnosed, and how you can prevent benzodiazepine abuse.

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What Are Benzodiazepines?

Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs that enhance the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability in the brain. GABA’s primary function is to slow down brain activity, which can alleviate symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, muscle tension and certain types of seizures. By binding to GABA receptors in the brain, benzodiazepines increase GABA’s inhibitory effect, leading to sedation, relaxation and a sense of calm.

Because of these effects, benzodiazepines are often prescribed to help people cope with acute stress, anxiety disorders, panic attacks or short-term insomnia. They may also be used in medical settings for procedures such as endoscopies or certain surgeries due to their sedative qualities and ability to induce amnesia of the procedure. In people with seizure disorders like epilepsy, benzodiazepines can help control or prevent episodes.

Despite their many therapeutic uses, benzodiazepines carry significant risks, especially when used beyond a short duration. Tolerance can build relatively quickly, meaning a person may need higher doses for the same effect. Dependence can form as the body adjusts to the presence of the drug, leading to withdrawal symptoms when the medication is reduced or stopped. These factors can create a cycle that perpetuates abuse and, potentially, addiction.

Common Benzo Medications

There are many benzodiazepines on the market, each with unique characteristics and half-lives. Some act very quickly and wear off fast, while others are slower to act and stay in the body longer. Although these drugs differ in their duration of action, all benzodiazepines carry a similar risk of dependence and abuse. Some of the most common benzodiazepines include:

• Alprazolam (Xanax): Frequently prescribed for anxiety and panic disorders, alprazolam is known for its relatively quick onset of action.
• Diazepam (Valium): One of the oldest and most recognized benzos, often prescribed for anxiety, muscle spasms and seizure disorders.
• Lorazepam (Ativan): Commonly used to treat anxiety and insomnia; also used in hospitals for sedation before medical procedures.
• Clonazepam (Klonopin): Primarily prescribed for seizure disorders and panic attacks due to its longer half-life.
• Temazepam (Restoril): Often used for short-term insomnia treatment.
• Chlordiazepoxide (Librium): One of the first benzodiazepines developed, commonly used in alcohol withdrawal management.
• Triazolam (Halcion): Known for its short half-life and use in treating severe insomnia.
• Midazolam (Versed): Frequently used before medical procedures for sedation and amnesia.

Regardless of which benzodiazepine is prescribed, misuse or prolonged use can escalate into dependence. Even when used as directed, benzodiazepines should typically not be taken for longer than a few weeks without medical supervision.

Benzo Addiction Diagnosis

A diagnosis of benzodiazepine addiction typically involves assessing both physical and psychological criteria. Health care professionals often use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for Substance Use Disorders (SUD). These criteria look at various factors, including:

• Larger or longer use: Taking benzos in larger amounts or for a longer duration than intended.
• Inability to cut down: Persistent desire or unsuccessful attempts to reduce or control use.
• Significant time spent obtaining or using: Spending excessive time acquiring benzos or recovering from their effects.
• Cravings: Experiencing strong desires or urges to use benzodiazepines.
• Failure to fulfill obligations: Neglecting responsibilities at home, work or school due to drug use.
• Social or interpersonal problems: Continuing to use despite issues caused or worsened by use.
• Giving up other activities: Important social, occupational or recreational activities are dropped because of use.
• Hazardous use: Using benzos in dangerous situations, such as driving while sedated.
• Physical or psychological harm: Continuing use despite knowledge that it can exacerbate medical or mental health issues.
• Tolerance: Needing more of the drug to achieve the desired effect or experiencing reduced effect with the same amount.
• Withdrawal: Experiencing withdrawal symptoms or using other medications to avoid withdrawal.

A formal diagnosis usually involves a medical evaluation, psychological assessment and a thorough review of the patient’s history, including use patterns and any co-occurring mental health issues. Because benzodiazepine addiction can be nuanced — especially for those who began taking it as prescribed — it is critical for individuals to consult with professionals who specialize in addiction medicine.

Benzodiazepine Overdose & Abuse Symptoms

One of the most dangerous risks associated with benzodiazepines is overdose, which can occur when the drugs are taken in amounts beyond what the body can safely handle. Overdose is especially hazardous when benzodiazepines are combined with other depressants like alcohol, opioids or barbiturates. Common signs of benzodiazepine overdose include:

• Extreme confusion and dizziness
• Severe drowsiness or sedation
• Slurred speech
• Respiratory depression (slow or shallow breathing)
• Bluish tint to the lips or nails (in severe cases)
• Loss of consciousness or coma

Benzodiazepine abuse symptoms may present differently and can include:

• Taking benzodiazepines more frequently than prescribed
• “Doctor shopping” to obtain multiple prescriptions
• Using someone else’s prescription
• Mixing benzos with other substances to amplify effects
• Noticeable decline in personal hygiene or self-care
• Lying or hiding benzo use from family, friends or medical professionals
• Neglecting responsibilities at work, school or home

An overdose can be life-threatening, especially if medical intervention is not provided promptly. If you suspect someone is experiencing a benzodiazepine overdose, call emergency services immediately.

How Quickly Does Tolerance for Benzos Develop?

Tolerance refers to the body’s adaptation to a drug, causing a person to need larger doses to achieve the same therapeutic or euphoric effect. With benzodiazepines, tolerance can develop surprisingly quickly. Some individuals notice diminished effectiveness within just a couple of weeks of continuous use.

The speed at which tolerance develops depends on several factors:

• Type of benzodiazepine: Drugs with shorter half-lives and stronger potencies (e.g., alprazolam) may lead to tolerance more quickly.
• Dosage: Higher doses can accelerate the body’s adjustment to the medication.
• Frequency of use: Daily or near-daily use is more likely to lead to tolerance than sporadic use.
• Individual factors: Metabolism, genetics, age, overall health and the presence of other medical or mental health conditions can impact how quickly tolerance forms.

As tolerance grows, people may increase their dosage without medical guidance, often assuming that taking “just a bit more” will restore relief. This escalation greatly increases the risk of physical dependence and addiction, ultimately making it more difficult to stop using benzodiazepines without professional help.

Behavioral Signs of Benzodiazepine Abuse

While the physical signs of benzodiazepine abuse (like drowsiness or slurred speech) can be noticeable, there are also behavioral indicators that might suggest a developing problem. Observing these signs in yourself or a loved one can serve as an early warning:

• Social Withdrawal: Individuals may withdraw from friends, family or normal activities. They might avoid gatherings where they can’t freely use or fear being judged for their drug use.
• Changes in Mood or Temperament: Increased irritability, mood swings or unpredictable emotional responses can emerge, particularly if someone is experiencing withdrawal between doses.
• Doctor Shopping: Seeking multiple prescriptions from different doctors or traveling to other locations to fill prescriptions is a common red flag.
• Financial Problems: Spending money irresponsibly, missing bill payments or accumulating debt could be tied to purchasing prescriptions illegally or paying out of pocket for multiple doctor visits.
• Engaging in Risky Behaviors: Driving or operating machinery while sedated is risky and can indicate a lack of concern for personal safety. Risk-taking can expand into criminal acts if the individual feels desperate for medication.
• Neglecting Responsibilities: Work performance may slip, or a person may drop out of classes or lose interest in previously important commitments.
• Manipulative Behavior: In some cases, people may lie about lost prescriptions or create false narratives to gain empathy and secure more medication.

Recognizing these patterns early and seeking support can prevent further harm. It’s also important to approach someone you suspect is struggling with empathy, understanding and a willingness to help them find professional treatment.

Tips for Preventing Benzo Addiction

Although benzodiazepines can be beneficial for short-term or carefully monitored use, their potential for abuse and addiction is significant. Here are some tips to reduce the risk of developing a benzodiazepine addiction:

• Have a Plan for Discontinuation: Stopping benzodiazepines abruptly can trigger severe withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, muscle aches and even seizures. If you decide to discontinue, create a tapering schedule under the supervision of a qualified medical professional.
• Follow Your Prescription Exactly: Always adhere to the prescription guidelines provided by your doctor. Avoid increasing your dose or frequency without medical approval, even if you feel your current dose is no longer sufficient.
• Use Short-Term: Benzodiazepines are generally meant for short-term or intermittent use. If you’re prescribed a benzodiazepine, discuss a timeline with your doctor. Many guidelines recommend using these medications for no more than two to four weeks, if possible.
• Regularly Consult with Your Healthcare Provider: Schedule follow-up appointments to discuss your medication regimen. If benzodiazepines are becoming less effective, work with your doctor on possible alternatives rather than adjusting the dosage on your own.
• Educate Yourself: Know the risks associated with benzodiazepines. Understanding the potential for dependence and addiction can help you be vigilant about the warning signs.
• Explore Non-Pharmacological Approaches: Therapy, lifestyle changes and holistic interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), relaxation techniques, exercise and proper sleep hygiene can provide long-term solutions for anxiety and insomnia. These methods can potentially reduce the need for benzodiazepines.
• Store Medications Safely: Keep benzodiazepines in a secure place, out of reach of children and others who may misuse them. This not only protects you but also prevents misuse by others.
• Avoid Mixing With Other Substances: Combining benzodiazepines with alcohol, opioids or other central nervous system depressants increases the risk of overdose, respiratory depression and addiction. Always inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking.
• Address Underlying Mental Health Issues: Sometimes, misuse stems from attempting to self-medicate for unresolved anxiety, depression or trauma. Working with a therapist to address these root causes can minimize the risk of abusing benzodiazepines.

Don’t Let A Benzo Addiction Define You — Help Is Available in New Jersey

If you’re seeking addiction treatment for yourself or a loved one, The Recovery Village Cherry Hill at Cooper is here to help. Our facility is conveniently located within the heart of New Jersey, under 20 minutes from Philadelphia. 

We have a full range of treatment options, including medical detox, inpatient care, partial hospitalization programming and intensive outpatient services. We offer a state-of-the-art inpatient facility with specialized trauma options, including EMDR and a specialty track for veterans and first responders. 

If you or a loved one are ready to begin the journey toward a substance-free life, we’re standing by to take your call. Reach out to our Recovery Advocates to learn more about our treatment programs and find a plan that works well for your specific needs and situation.